Supporting research
Papers, corporate and platform policies, guidance and background reading that support the project but are not cases themselves. Individual emergencies go in the Case list.
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Direct evidence
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Beger SB, Mejia E, Bobrow BJ. Challenges of remotely witnessed emergencies – a case of international out-of-hospital cardiac arrest recognition via video call. Am J Emerg Med 2023;63:182.e1–e3. PMID 36544292 |
Authors describe it as the first report of OHCA witnessed in a remote international video meeting: a 41-year-old woman in Houston, witnessed by a co-worker in Australia on a 1-on-1 Zoom call. Predicts these events will become more common. | edit |
Haranath SP. Conversations from the other side: optimizing interactions using remote technology for critical care. 2023 |
Author describes aborting home telemedicine consults for critically ill patients and having to call an ambulance and update EMS remotely; no case-level detail. | edit |
Method model
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Features and circumstances of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests caught on camera: an analysis of publicly available online videos. Resuscitation 2025 |
Systematic search of online videos (140 cases) – a template for mining public video of virtual-platform events. | edit |
Adjacent evidence
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Einvik S, et al. Could video assisted CPR improve treatment in complex cardiac arrest situations? A case report. Resusc Plus 2024;21:100836. PMID 39758756 |
Norwegian dispatcher video-CPR; shows what a video link to the scene adds once 911 is reached. | edit |
Live video from bystanders' smartphones to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2021 |
52 OHCA cases with live video during the emergency call. | edit |
Grey literature
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
US Patent 11,863,597 B1 – Remote rescue system, device and method for accidents and events during video meetings |
States the problem plainly: video-call participants have no easy way to alert responders for another participant, since 911 is handled locally. | edit |
Platform / corporate policy
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Zoom Community – 'Health Emergency Reporting' and 'Emergency' threads (2022–2025) |
Users report colleagues collapsing on calls and ask for a way to share location and emergency contacts with participants; Zoom's reply points only to Zoom Phone emergency calling. Evidence of a platform gap. | edit |
Microsoft Teams – emergency call disclaimer banners (admin feature) |
Teams Phone can show admins' custom banners on emergency calls, but there is no participant-to-participant emergency alert in meetings. | edit |
Discord – Mental health on Discord / safety guidance |
Tells users to contact law enforcement right away even with limited information; police can request user identity from Discord Trust & Safety. | edit |
Twitch Community Guidelines – loss of control of a broadcast |
Twitch temporarily removes a channel when a streamer loses control of the broadcast due to a medical emergency; reports go to Twitch, not to responders. | edit |
TikTok – contacting emergency services for credible, imminent threats (as reported) |
TikTok says it may contact local emergency services when there is a specific, credible and imminent threat to life. | edit |
Legal / regulatory
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Browning JG. I Feel Your (Livestreamed) Pain: Virtual Bystander Recovery. Baylor Law Review 2023 |
Legal analysis of 'virtual bystander' claims, including a nursing-home resident whose daughter watched her arrest on FaceTime and called EMS. Useful for the legal workstream. | edit |
Guidance / standards
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
HHS Telehealth – Creating an emergency plan for telebehavioral health |
Confirm the patient's location each visit and record local emergency numbers, because 911 only reaches the caller's local centre. A model for meeting-platform guidance. | edit |
Technology / solution
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Northern911 – out-of-jurisdiction 911 transfer line and telehealth emergency transfer service |
PSAPs can call one number to be transferred to almost any PSAP in the US and Canada (not international). A Canadian example of solving the wrong-jurisdiction problem. | edit |
Google Android – Emergency Live Video to 911 |
Dispatchers can request live video from a caller's phone once connected; helps after the right 911 centre is reached, but not with routing from a remote witness. | edit |