Supporting research
Papers, corporate and platform policies, guidance and background reading that support the project but are not cases themselves. Individual emergencies go in the Case list.
Edit reference
Direct evidence
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Beger SB, Mejia E, Bobrow BJ. Challenges of remotely witnessed emergencies – a case of international out-of-hospital cardiac arrest recognition via video call. Am J Emerg Med 2023;63:182.e1–e3. PMID 36544292 |
Authors describe it as the first report of OHCA witnessed in a remote international video meeting: a 41-year-old woman in Houston, witnessed by a co-worker in Australia on a 1-on-1 Zoom call. Predicts these events will become more common. | edit |
Haranath SP. Conversations from the other side: optimizing interactions using remote technology for critical care. 2023 |
Author describes aborting home telemedicine consults for critically ill patients and having to call an ambulance and update EMS remotely; no case-level detail. | edit |
Method model
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Features and circumstances of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests caught on camera: an analysis of publicly available online videos. Resuscitation 2025 |
Systematic search of online videos (140 cases) – a template for mining public video of virtual-platform events. | edit |
Adjacent evidence
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Einvik S, et al. Could video assisted CPR improve treatment in complex cardiac arrest situations? A case report. Resusc Plus 2024;21:100836. PMID 39758756 |
Norwegian dispatcher video-CPR; shows what a video link to the scene adds once 911 is reached. | edit |
Live video from bystanders' smartphones to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2021 |
52 OHCA cases with live video during the emergency call. | edit |
Grey literature
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
US Patent 11,863,597 B1 – Remote rescue system, device and method for accidents and events during video meetings |
States the problem plainly: video-call participants have no easy way to alert responders for another participant, since 911 is handled locally. | edit |
Platform / corporate policy
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Zoom Community – 'Health Emergency Reporting' and 'Emergency' threads (2022–2025) |
Users report colleagues collapsing on calls and ask for a way to share location and emergency contacts with participants; Zoom's reply points only to Zoom Phone emergency calling. Evidence of a platform gap. | edit |
Microsoft Teams – emergency call disclaimer banners (admin feature) |
Teams Phone can show admins' custom banners on emergency calls, but there is no participant-to-participant emergency alert in meetings. | edit |
Discord – Mental health on Discord / safety guidance |
Tells users to contact law enforcement right away even with limited information; police can request user identity from Discord Trust & Safety. | edit |
Twitch Community Guidelines – loss of control of a broadcast |
Twitch temporarily removes a channel when a streamer loses control of the broadcast due to a medical emergency; reports go to Twitch, not to responders. | edit |
TikTok – contacting emergency services for credible, imminent threats (as reported) |
TikTok says it may contact local emergency services when there is a specific, credible and imminent threat to life. | edit |
Legal / regulatory
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Browning JG. I Feel Your (Livestreamed) Pain: Virtual Bystander Recovery. Baylor Law Review 2023 |
Legal analysis of 'virtual bystander' claims, including a nursing-home resident whose daughter watched her arrest on FaceTime and called EMS. Useful for the legal workstream. | edit |
Guidance / standards
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
HHS Telehealth – Creating an emergency plan for telebehavioral health |
Confirm the patient's location each visit and record local emergency numbers, because 911 only reaches the caller's local centre. A model for meeting-platform guidance. | edit |
Technology / solution
| Reference | Relevance | |
|---|---|---|
Northern911 – out-of-jurisdiction 911 transfer line and telehealth emergency transfer service |
PSAPs can call one number to be transferred to almost any PSAP in the US and Canada (not international). A Canadian example of solving the wrong-jurisdiction problem. | edit |
Google Android – Emergency Live Video to 911 |
Dispatchers can request live video from a caller's phone once connected; helps after the right 911 centre is reached, but not with routing from a remote witness. | edit |